For a patient on mechanical ventilation, which complication should the nurse monitor for during long-term ventilation?

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant complication that can arise during long-term mechanical ventilation. This occurs when a patient develops pneumonia as a direct result of being on a ventilator, typically due to colonization of bacteria in the airways and lung parenchyma. The risk factors for VAP are notably high in patients who are mechanically ventilated for extended periods, as the artificial airway can facilitate the introduction of pathogens into the lower respiratory tract.

Monitoring for VAP is critical as it can lead to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. The clinical manifestations can include changes in respiratory status, fever, increased secretions, and changes in chest X-ray findings, all of which should be vigilantly observed in patients on long-term ventilation.

Other potential complications, such as decreased oxygen saturation or barotrauma, are important to monitor as well, but VAP specifically highlights an infection risk directly related to mechanical ventilation practices. Ensuring proper ventilation strategies, regular oral care, and adherence to infection control measures are essential practices to mitigate this risk and improve patient outcomes during long-term ventilation.