What can be a consequence of high tidal volumes in patients with ARDS?

High tidal volumes in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can lead to an increased risk of barotrauma. This occurs because higher tidal volumes result in elevated airway pressures, which can over-distend alveoli and potentially lead to alveolar rupture. In ARDS, the lung tissue is already compromised, and using excessive tidal volumes can exacerbate the damage, further impairing lung function and leading to pneumothorax or other complications associated with barotrauma.

The use of lower tidal volumes is a common strategy in the management of ARDS, as it helps to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury while allowing for adequate gas exchange. This ventilation strategy aims to achieve protective lung ventilation, which has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with ARDS. Understanding the risk of barotrauma emphasizes the importance of careful management of mechanical ventilation parameters to reduce further harm to the already injured lungs.