What is the role of corticosteroids in the management of ARDS?

Corticosteroids play a crucial role in the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), primarily due to their anti-inflammatory properties. In ARDS, inflammation in the lungs leads to increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, resulting in pulmonary edema, impaired gas exchange, and difficulty in oxygenation. By administering corticosteroids, the inflammatory response can be mitigated, leading to a reduction in edema and inflammation within the alveoli, which improves overall lung function and oxygenation.

The reduction of inflammation is vital, as it helps to stabilize the lung tissue and diminishes the inflammatory cascade that exacerbates ARDS. Several studies have shown that timely administration of corticosteroids can lead to improved clinical outcomes, including reduced mortality rates in ARDS patients, particularly in cases where it is initiated early in the course of the disease.

While corticosteroids do not directly increase lung volume, promote mucus clearance, or prevent infections, their primary role is in reducing inflammation and enhancing oxygenation. This understanding of corticosteroids' therapeutic action underscores their importance in ARDS management protocols.